Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects executive functioning, attention regulation, impulse control, and activity levels. It impacts how the brain processes information, regulates behavior, and manages time and tasks.
About ADD vs. ADHD
"ADD" (Attention Deficit Disorder) is an older term that's no longer officially used. Today, all presentations fall under the umbrella term "ADHD," including the predominantly inattentive type which people previously called ADD.
Types of ADHD
ADHD has three main presentations, and individuals may move between presentations over time:
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
Previously called "ADD." Primarily characterized by attention difficulties:
• Difficulty sustaining attention on tasks
• Easily distracted by external or internal stimuli
Primarily characterized by hyperactivity and impulsivity:
• Fidgeting, restlessness, or inability to stay still
• Difficulty engaging in quiet activities
• Excessive talking or interrupting others
• Acting without thinking about consequences
• Difficulty waiting or taking turns
• A constant feeling of inner restlessness
Combined Presentation
Shows both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms:
• A mix of attention difficulties and hyperactivity
• Both organizational challenges and impulsivity
• The most commonly diagnosed presentation
• Symptoms from both other presentations
Core Challenges
ADHD affects multiple areas of daily functioning:
Executive Function
• Planning and organizing tasks
• Working memory difficulties
• Time blindness and estimation
• Task initiation and completion
Attention Regulation
• Difficulty focusing on demand
• Hyperfocus on interesting tasks
• Easy distractibility
• Shifting between tasks
Emotional Regulation
• Intense emotional responses
• Difficulty managing frustration
• Emotional impulsivity
• Rejection sensitive dysphoria
Impulse Control
• Acting before thinking
• Interrupting conversations
• Impulsive decision-making
• Difficulty delaying gratification
ADHD Strengths
ADHD comes with unique strengths and abilities:
Creative, "outside the box" thinking
Hyperfocus ability on engaging tasks
High energy and enthusiasm
Spontaneity and adaptability
Quick thinking and problem-solving
Passion and intense interest pursuit
Common Misconceptions
ADHD is not about laziness or lack of discipline. It's a neurodevelopmental condition involving actual differences in brain structure and chemistry, particularly in areas related to executive function and dopamine regulation. With proper support, strategies, and sometimes medication, people with ADHD can thrive.